FIRST SEMESTER STUDY QUESTIONS

1)   What is the definition of prehistory? Before writing, written history.

2)   When (the date) did prehistory end

3000 BC

3)   How did Paleolithic people live? Lived in groups of 20 or 30. Lived to 20 or 25. Shared food, learned to make tools for easier hunting.

4)   List five things that people made or sought that led to civilization?

Sought better shelter, made clothing, developed a language, discovered fire, and made their own tools.

5)   List some things (3 things) that Cro-Magnons did or made. Cro-Magnons invented the Axe, played music on homemade flutes, and painted pictures out of mineral paints.

6)   What is specialization?

Specialization is the creation of jobs and occupations for people.

 7)   What is one of the earliest known villages? Jericho.

8)   What two important discoveries brought on the Neolithic Revolution?

The two important discoveries were learning to grow food and herd animals.

I)              Sumer

1)   Inventions wheel, plow, sailboat

2)   Gods Ki- earth goddess, Enki-water god

3)   Leaders Sargon, and Hammurabi

4)   Rivers Tigris and Euphrates

5)   Anything else you know

They had courtyards,

III.  Egypt

 1)   Inventions, papyrus paper, bandages, the calender

 2)   Gods ra, amun, amun ra

 3)   Leaders king tut, and hetshepsut

 4)   Rivers the Nile

 5)   Anything else you know Cities Memphis and Thebes

 Harappa

Inventions granaries, waste draining system, measuring rod

Gods mother goddess, enki, and

Leaders no known leaders

Rivers indus

       Anything else you know planned street grid, The great Bath,

Part 1: The Assyrians

1) Why did the Assyrians become warriors (think about where they lived)? The rolling hills didn’t allow for much protection so fighting became a way to survive

2) Discuss how a foot soldier in the Assyrian army might be dressed?  Dagger, helmets, spears, shields, 

3) The Assyrians were considered CRUEL, why?  What did they do?

4) Who was Ashurbanipal?  What did he do? was an assyrian king who started the world's first library that had 25,000 tablets of hymns, stories, and hieroglyphs 

Part II:  The Persians

5) How did the Persians differ from the Assyrians The persians weren't as cruel when they conquered people. The Assyrians were so cruel people would surrender to them without a fight. 

6) Discuss Zoroaster and Zoroasterism (what did they believe?)

7) What was the Persian view of trade? Thought it brought on greed, lies, and cheating, but encouraged it in cities they conquered.

8)  What major thing did the Persians leave for the World? the persians left us with the idea of using coins as money

Part III: The Hebrews   

9)   Who were the great kings of the Hebrews?  What were some things they did? Great Hebrew kings were SAul, David, and Soloman . Saul was the first king, ruled for several years, lost peoples support, DAVID w reunited the Hebrews, defeated Canaanites, wrote psalms , SOLOMON was wealthy andwise, he had people build his projects, but they didn't like him

10)   Discuss the lifestyle of the Hebrews The hebrews were nomadic people, traveling merchants, had donkeys loaded with goods, They traded with other cities

11)  Who were the Hebrews descended from?  What city did they come from? The hebrews descended from Abraham, coming from the city Ur

12)  What great gift did the Hebrews leave the World? The hebrews left us with the bible

Part IV:  The Phoenicians

13)  What great gift did the Phoenicians leave the World? The alphabet

14) Why did the growth of trade (worldwide) expand under the Phoenicians trade expanded because the land wasn’t rich so they turned to seatrade

15) What were some ancient Phoenician cities? Carthage, Tyre, and Byblos

16) How were Phoenician cities organized? A king ruled, stone wall around them for protection

GREEKS

1) The Minoans lived where?   What were they known for? Minoans lived on Crete they were known for growing barley, wheat, grapes, and olives

2) What is the legend behind the fall of the Minoans?  Who was Theseus?

3) What is the most import thing that the Mycenaeans have left us? 

4) The Mycenaeans became rich off the trade of what product? Olive oil

5) The Mycenaeans where known for what to occupations?

6) How did the Mycenaeans disappear (you need two specific things).

7) What was the Trojan War?

8)  The average city-state of classical Greece contained how many people?

9) What war was fought between Athens and Sparta?   When did it end?   How long did it last?  Who won?

10)  Discuss the life of a boy in Sparta (make sure you talk about important ages – birth, 7, 20, 30, 60).

11)  Who were the helots? slaves

12)  Who wrote the world’s first democratic constitution?

13)  What was the council of 500?   How did one become a member of the council?

14)  Describe the Battle of Marathon.

15)  Why did the Persians go to war with the Greeks?  What was the final outcome? 

16)  The first Olympic Games where held when?   In honor of who?   List three events at the Olympic Games.

17)  List three Greek philosophers and briefly why each is important  plato-started the academy, Aristotle-

18)  List three Greek playwrights and discuss how theater emerged in ancient Greece.

19)  Who was Hippocrates

20) How, in the worship of Gods, were the Greeks different from earlier people?  

ROME

1)   What is Rome’s legacy on today’s culture? 

2)   Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?  What were some of his accomplishments?

3)   What was the Pax Romana?

4)   List three reasons the Roman Empire collapsed. Roman empire couldn’t afford to keep paying solidiers, no official rule of who would become emperor after the deceased. And could keep foreign enemies away

5)   Who Founded Rome?  What is the story behind the founding of Rome?

6)   Why were the Etruscans important? Influenced what the romans did

7)   What was important about the Roman Republic?  How did it end?

8)   Who was Julius Caesar?  Why was he important? Created gladiatorial games,  

9)   What customs did the Romans borrow or adopt from the Etruscans?

10)                  Who was Hannibal?  What were some of his accomplishments?

11-13) Discuss the following Emperors, what they did for Rome, why were the important:

Trajan

Constantine I

Diocletian

The Early Middle –Ages

THE GERMANS

1) Who were the Goths?

2) Discuss the Battle of Adrianople?  Why was it important?  When did it happen?

3) Where did the Goths end up?

4) Who were the Vandals?

5) What English world did the Vandals inspire?  Why?

6) Who was Odoacer?

7) Who was Theodoric?

8) What happened to the Roman Empire in the West by 550 C.E.? 

THE FRANKS

1)   Why were people no longer interested in learning during the early middle ages?

2)   Why are the Franks important?

3)   Who was Clovis?  How did Clovis become Christian? 

4)   What happened after Clovis became Christian?

5)   Why was it important that the Pope gave Clovis his support?

6)   Why were the Franks more successful at governing than other Germanic peoples?

7)   What modern nations developed out of the civilization built by the Franks? France and Germany

1)   Why were the Frankish kings after Clovis weak?

2)   Who was Charles Martel?  What did he do?  Why was he known as “The Hammer”?

3)   Why was the Battle of Tours a turning point in history? It saved christianity

4)   What might western Europe have been like if the Arabs and Berbers had won the Battle of Tours?

5)   Who was Pepin?  How did he help the Pope?

6)   Define anointed. 

1)   When did Pepin die?  Who were his sons?

2)   Who was Charlemagne?  What did he do?  List the people he defeated in battle.  What does his name mean?

3)   What was The Song of Roland about?

4)   Why was Charlemagne displeased that the Pope crowned him emperor?

5)   What was Charlemagne’s view of education?  What did he do to promote education in his empire?

6)   Who was Alcuin?  What did children study in the school set up by Alcuin?

7)   What were some things that artists created under Charlemagne’s rule? 

8)   Describe estate life.

9)   How did farmers gradually become serfs?

10)  How did minstrels increase Charlemagne’s popularity?

11)  What did the Empire collapse after Charlemagne’s death?

12)  What might have prevented the collapse of Charlemagne’s government?

THE ANGLO-SAXONS

1) The Anglo-Saxons were made up of what three groups? Anglos, Saxons, and Jutes

2) How did Christianity come to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England? Pope Gregory I sent missionaries to England to convert everyone

3) What did Alfred do to unite Anglo-Saxon England? To unite England Alfred paid their enemies, the danes, to stay away until his army was strong enough to take them on.

4) Why did Alfred the Great pay the Danes to leave England alone? He paid them so he could train his army to be strong enough to defeat them.

5) Why did the king set up local governments in England? King set up local goverments because it was too much to rule by himself

6) What were the duties of the nobles? Nobles approved laws from the king, went to Witenagemot, and give advice on running the country

7) Why did early English kinds divide the country into shires?  What were some of the jobs of the sheriff? Divided into shires because the government was too weak to rule that much land. Sheriff jobs were  to run the shire, collect money, inform king of what was happenin’ and enforce laws.

8) How did the King's peace help unite England? Kings peace united England because whrerever the king currently was living was under King’s Law aknd crimes went to his court. The peace spread throughout all of englannd.

9) What was the purpose of witenagemot? Witenagemot was to inform king of what shires were doing, discussed problems, and approved the kings laws.

10) How did the English government develop under the Anglo-Saxons? The government united under the anglo Saxons because everyone was at more peace and felt more together

11) Why did Anglo-Saxons unite under Alfred the Great? United under Alfred because he paid the danes not to attack so he could strengthen hjis army. Soon all of England was fighting behind him and the defeated the danes, feeling united, He rebuilt England after it was destroyed.he educated them so they could be familiar with their history.

The VIKINGS

1)     The Vikings came from what places (think countries)? Sweden, Norway, and Denmark

2)     The Vikings prowess in trade has led people to compare them with what historical group? The Phonecians

3)     Why did Vikings raid? Vikings raided to survive a mini ice age

4)     Why was there no central government in Scandinavia?

5)     What was a Jarl?

6)      Why did the Vikings disappear?      Vikings disapperead because they converted to Christianity

7)      What some rights that Viking women have?  Women could talk to other men, own property, and get divorced

8)      Who was Erik the Red? Erik the red was an adventurer who led the Vikings to conquer land in Greenland

9)      Who were the Normans? Normans were the Danes who settled infrance and converted to Christianity.

10)    What was a berserker?